Inheritance vs Composition

Inheritance models an “is-a” relationship between classes. A subclass inherits the properties and behaviors of its parent class and can override or extend them.

class Animal:
    def speak(self):
        pass
 
class Dog(Animal):
    def speak(self):
        return "Bark"

Composition models a “has-a” relationship by combining objects. A class is composed of other class instances and delegates behavior to them

class Engine:
    def start(self):
        return "Engine started"
 
class Car:
    def __init__(self):
        self.engine = Engine()
 
    def start(self):
        return self.engine.start()